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the cylinder 56, which plunger is rccipro-,

cated by the link 57 pivoted at its lower end in a slot 58 in the plunger, while its upper end is pivotally connected by the screw 09 to the hammer 24. A set screw 60 having a tapered end is threaded through the bottom of the cylinder and may be adjusted so as to close partially or entirely the aperture 61 through the bottom of the cylinder and formed in the nipple 62, on which the end of the rubber tube 46 is secured when the air pressure is used to release the shutter. When the mechanical means is employed for this purpose, by adjusting the position of the screw 60 to regulate the size of the opening, the rapidity with which the plunger descends can be controlled, and thus the interval between the ignition of the charge and the exposure of the plate regulated. The sequence of the ignition of the flash powder and the exposure of the plate can be determined by screwing the cylin der 53 up and down on-the threaded rod, the length of the threaded portion of the rod and its position being such that it may be arranged to contact with the button 52 at the instant the shoulder 32 engages the cap or at some time afterward. This adjustability of the cylinder 53 also enables me to regulate the extent of the movement given to the wire 50.

When the mechanical means of releasing the shutter are employed, the cylinder'and plunger .may also be used as a time regulating element in the complete combination; but where the compressed-air method of operation is employed, this cylinder is also employed to compress the air by the sudden descent of the plunger, and to transmit the compressed air through the tube 46 to the shutter-releasing means, the plunger and cylinder under these conditions acting like the ordinary rubber bulb, except that the compression is effected by the action of the spring 27 when the trigger releases the hammer, instead ofby the direct pressure on the bulb. It will of course be understood that the time of exposure relative to the ignition can be regulated to a nicety by adjusting the screw 60, as the more it throttles the aperture (31, the longer will be the interval between the ignition and the exposure.

The cylinder 56 is preferably secured by soldering, brazing or otherwise, to the plate 63, which has the curved portion 64 to which the cylinder is secured, the offset 65 against which the lower end of the spring 42 abuts, and the angular portion 66 which fits over the edge of the bar 10, and serves to hold the generally L-shaped bracket 67, formed of sheet metal and having the fork to receive the cap 68 of the mechanical connection. and the similar L-shaped spring ('39, which also has the fork-shaped end cooperating with the forked end of the bracket 67 so as to form a spring clamp for said cap 68. With the bracket arrangement here shown, a single screw 70 passed through the apertures in the angular portion 66 of the bracket 63, the spring 69 and the bracket 67, and screwed into the bar 10, serves to hold all the parts together, thus making a cheaply and quickly constructed arrangement and attachment for the various elements thus secured together. The slightly elongated oval aperture 71 is provided in the bar 10 at the point shown, and may serve the double function of having the tube 42 passed .therethrough and held therein so as to prevent any accidental cramping of the tube, as the latter fits snugly enough in the aperture so that it will stay in the position in which it is placed. For the passage of the tube only, the aperture might be circular, but I preferably elongate it slightly, as stated, so that the cord 39 can also be passed therethrough, and thus guided as may be necessary in giving it. the proper angle so that the pull of the trigger 36 will be in the proper direction, while the string beyond the aperture is at right angles to the portion between the aperture and the trigger.

The details of the shutter and shutteroperating mechanism which may be employed, which, per 86, form no part of my invention, are shown in Figs. 11 to 13, where the shutter-casing 72 has the customary exposure-regulating disk 73, which may be adjusted to regulate the time of the automatic exposure by turning it to any of the various indications. It also has the customary setting lever 74, which is swung down to the dotted-line position to set the various elements ready for an automatically regulated short-time exposure. It also has the operatmg lever 75, which is swung down manually to the dotted-line position when the shutter is tripped manually.

Referring now to Fig. 12, the three shutter-blades 7 6 76 and 76 are seen as pivoted on the bearing studs 77 77 and 77", and as having the studs 78, 7 8 and 7 8 extending into the short radial slots 79*, 79 and 79 formed in the radial arms 80*, 80 and 80 projecting from the annulus 81 mounted to swing slightly on the annular bearing 82 forming a part of the shutter-casing 72. This swinging movement of the annulus 81, which is just sufficient to swing the shutterblades 76 7 6" and 76 from over the aperture in the bearing 82 and back, is controlled during the automatic operation of the shutter (with which the present invention alone is concerned) by the dog 83 pivoted on an arm 84 carried by the shaft bearing 85 of the lower 74. The hook end 86 of the do; 83v engages the stud 87 projecting from the arm 80 into the plane of the hook 86. A suitable spring is tensioned by the setting of the lever 74, and the annulus 81 moves with the dog M. O. TRUDEAU. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED FEB. I. 1913 mmzm.

Pnfvntml. lu11e 1?, 1919.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

M IMILLIAN 0. 'I'R'UDEAU, OF STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT.

' AL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 11?, illl'iltl).

Application filed February 7. 191a. Serial No. 215.799.

To all whom it may concern:

.Be it known that I, MAXIMILLIAN O. TRUDEAU, citizen of the United States, residing at Stamford, in the county of Fair- .field and State of Connecticut, have inuse the same.

My invention relates to an improvement in internal explosive engines of the four cycle type. The object of my invention is to increase the efliciency of engines of this class. by means of an aux liary compression chamber wherein is stored a surplus of come pressed mixture on the upward travel of the iston to be ignited on its downward stroke 1 y the previously exploded charge directly over the piston.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 represents a broken sectional view of the head and cylinder of the engine, broken view of the spark plug and one of the valve stems and connecting rod,also broken view partly in section of the piston showing the same on its downward stroke;

Fig.2 is a broken sectional view of the head and broken view of, the piston, showing the latter at its full compression stroke vwi th'the upper end of the piston within a recess in the head;

Fig. 3 isaview similar to Fig. 2, except that the piston is shown on its downward stroke far enough to receive the efiect of a second im ulse from the auxiliary compression chain r;

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the floor of the combustion chamber looking in the direction of arrow a, Fig. 1; and

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the ceiling of the compression chamber looking in the direction of arrow 5, Fig. 1.

The cylinder 1 has the head 2 integral therewith, but said head could be made sep-' arate and bolted to the cylinder if so desired. 3 represents the usual spark plug located in the head. 45 are the valves, one being the intake and the other the exhaust. 6 represents-the piston located in the cylindrical bore 6 and 7 the connecting rod.

8 are the water jacket compartments. Other necessary features common to engines of this class are omitted, as they have no particular relation to my improvements. 11 is a recess formed in the ceiling 12 of the head adapted to receive the upper end of the piston on its upward stroke. 13 is a recess formed in the upper end'of the piston giving anincreased space to the initial compression chamber 9 when the piston is at its highest point.

The upward stroke .of the piston will fill the entire space, between the door 14 and the ceiling 12, with a compression charge, cutting the compression charge into two parts as it passes through the compression chamber into the recess 11 of the head, Fig. 2. When the piston is in this osition the isolated chamber 10 is formed lled with a compressed charge of a density equal to the compressed charge over the iston.

When the piston has rcac ed its highest point, the initial charge is fired in the usual manner by means of the spark plug 3 to force the piston on its downward stroke, and, as soon as it has cleared the recess 11, Fig. 3. the secondary charge in chamber 10 is fired by theintense heat generated from the initial firing to impart an additional force to the descending piston. The velocity of the piston under the impulse of the initial explosive charge is such that there is no possibility of Wire drawing on the part of this secondary charge, so that its force is practically equal'to the initial impulse. The recess in the head is a necessary feature in order to completely isolate the secondary charge from the initial charge when the latter is fired.

The threaded openings 15 are provided in the head for the insertion and removal of i the valves and are normally closed by the wall with valved intake and exhaust ports depth than the lateral secondary chamber, a piston operable in the cylinder and movable across the lateral secondary chamber to isolate the latter from the former chamber, said piston havinga recess in its head supplementing the cylinder head chamber, and an 10 ignition means arranged Within the shallow cylinder head chamber.

In testimony whereof I afiix m si attire.

XIMILLIAN 0. TR D AU. 

